Candles are an ancient form of timekeeping and heat, dating back to 3,000 B.C. They are used for religious and birthday celebrations. Today, candles are commonly made of paraffin wax.
However, a study by South Carolina State University has revealed that paraffin candles release toxic chemicals into the air. Toluene, a benzene derivative, is also a carcinogen to humans, making paraffin a risky choice. Although there are a number of different kinds of waxes, most are considered safe when used in normal circumstances.
Some people have chosen to replace paraffin candles with stearin. These are more expensive, but less odorous and are less likely to release harmful pollutants into the air. Another option is to use vegetable-based candles. Alternatively, some candle manufacturers make candles from beeswax. Beeswax gives off a very bright flame, but the smoke is minimal.
Another popular type of candle is spermaceti, an oil discovered in the 18th century by the American whaling industry. It is much stiffer than tallow and is less likely to emit fumes. Similarly, candles made from beeswax are usually more expensive.
Regardless of which kind of wax is used, inhalation of large amounts of smoke can be harmful. Nevertheless, the National Candle Association disputed the health risks of using paraffin-based candles, citing studies that have shown no health problems. A more recent study by the American Academy of Pediatrics has suggested that stearin and soy-based candles may be safer than paraffin-based candles.